Information Technology In The Tourism Government

Information Technology In The Tourism Government Involving information and communication technology on a range of modern methods and techniques used to simplify a particular activity and lifting tool, a group gathered the necessary equipment to process information and circulation of computers and software and hardware for saving and retrieving and electronic transport across wired and wireless means of communication in all its forms and different kinds: written, audio and video, which enables two-way communication and teamwork and provide transmission of the message from the sender to the recipient; through closed networks and open; and globalization has allowed information and communication technology to benefit from services a four-Twenty hours (24 h / 7 days), from any point on earth, especially with the spread of electronic financial settlement of transactions on Line. Nowadays technology involves every aspects of life. One of these aspects is tourism. People who work in tourism sector use technology to execute their work. Technology helps to distribute information about different places for tourism. Tourists can gain information from the internet and know the accurate things to decide the best places to visit. Technology makes the work easier related to the tourists need like hiring cars, getting rooms and tickets. It becomes very easy register your information online. Tourists will have more time to enjoy themselves because their information has been already registered online. Tourism use technology to make records about their usual customers to know their favorite food, places and activities to attract them to come again. Briefly this issue will discuss the concept of Information technology in tourism industry and will cover those main points: Concept of information technology. E-Government. Information Technology and Tourism. E-Tourism. The importance of e-tourism and its impact on national economy. Tourism applications. Government internet website Information Technology? Information technology mean possessed the manufacture and storage and dissemination of information by a microelectronics-based computing and communications. When we say Information technology that means, computer programming, internet, computer engineering, and technician and so on. All of that make big change in tourism industry so; the government should use this technology to be number one in this sector. E-Government: The common definition of e-government as a network of computer systems that enable public access to a large number of government services and transactions automated, online or through other electronic letters . The intellectual and political content of the e-government, and historical and cultural context that led to it. The concept e-government integrated mean the effective use of all information and communication technologies in order to facilitate the daily administrative operations of the government sectors. We can say in light of the foregoing that the electronic government in terms of the concept is: the environment where it is information be for all by easy way IT and Tourism: Because the tourism industry is rapidly changing and evolving. It was necessary to use information technology to keep pace with the evolution in the world and is noted on this basis that the tourism market has been affected a lot of this technology over recent years has been known an exponential growth in e-tourism Through the Internet. The countries which used the e-government and considering tourism as one of main economic recourse faces to use technology in this sector and this helped to appearance of the concept of E-Tourism. E-Tourism: Appeared a few years ago the concept of e-tourism, and dealt with many international organizations of different applications and their impact on increasing tourism growth, especially in least developed countries, which constitute the tourism revenues, a large proportion of GDP. Has contributed to further spread the concept and applications of various factors such as high proportion of the contribution of e-tourism in the total international e-commerce, and the resulting integration of this concept in the institutional structures of the bodies involved in tourism from the reduction in the cost of tourism services provided and thus prices, and the development of tourist product submitted in the development of new touristic activities consistent with the different segments of tourists, as well as increasing the competitiveness of tourism enterprises, and the consequent increase in the value added of the tourism sector in the national economy. We can say the e-tourism is Pattern of tourist transactions are executed through the use of information and communication technology. The importance of e-tourism and its impact on national economy The importance of e-tourism, which provided huge benefits for both providers of tourism services for tourists or tourists themselves , which contribute to overcome traditional barriers in the typical tourist transactions, and most important of these benefits : 1. Facilitate the provision of information, which depends on tourism industry. When we use the technology it is will be easy to get information about tourism destination. 2. Reduce the cost of tourism services provided. Because the services provided online with lees price and time . 3. Ease of product development, tourism and the emergence of new tourism activities in accordance with the different segments of tourists. That happen when we use the technology to know what tourists need and what his her opinion about certain destination. 4. Increase the competitiveness of tourism enterprises. That depends for how we use the Information technology in our work . All of that helped to increase the benefit of tourism in national income so; the use of information technology is strategic choice and necessary. Tourism applications: Before tock about tourism applications in IT sector we should know who use the IT. In general we can divide them to four groups which are: Tourists:, Travel agents. Service providers.. Tourism offices. In tourism we use information technology in airlines, hotels, car rent, Tourism offices and travel agencies. The government use information technology in several way s for example, marketing research, promotional plan and exchange the information between the countries and so on. Also the government use computers, Mobil phones, and satellites to control and administration the staff and the process in easy ways. Government Internet Website It is the biggest and useful part of information technology and the government use it to promotional the country and market it in good ways. This website provides all information for all and it easy to access and get what you want about the country so, that will be increase the number of visitor. Moreover the government uses the internet to provide direct services like, reservation, tickets and other things. Conclusion: In conclusion, I can say the information technology effect the tourism industry in different ways and change day by day. Also the exact impacts are far from clear, the future of e-tourism. In the end of this report we can see the important of information technology in tourism sector and who it is affect it. In my opinion the information technology becomes the important issue and I have the right to say no live without information technology.

Great Britain :: History

Great Britain Great Britain is made up of three countries, England, Scotland and Wales. It is an island off the coast of north ­west of Europe. Britain is part of the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital is London. Relief There are many different landscapes in Britain, from high mountains to rolling hill sand valleys. Places like Wales, the Lake District and northwest Scotland have high mountains and steep slopes made out of solid rocks. This landscape was made millions of years ago during the ice ages, when moving glaciers of ice made deep valleys, steep mountain slopes and long lakes. The southern and eastern parts of Britain are made up of smaller rocks that have weathered and become fertile farmland. The highest point is Ben Nevis  ­ 1343 metres above sea level and the lowest point is Holme Fen  ­ 3 metres below sea level. The population is 57,970,200 people, the population density at 239 people per square km. 92% of British people live in urban areas while only 8% live in rural areas. Great Britain is completely surrounded by sea, isolating it from the rest of Europe. No part of Britain is far from the sea, which is an important resource for fishing, tourism and ports. Britain’s rivers provide drinking water for towns, and irrigate farmers’ crops. However rivers can cause floods. England The northern and western portions are mountainous. The highlands - the Pennine Chain, forms the backbone of northern England. Rolling plains occupy most of central and eastern England. The western part of the central region is known as the Midlands. To the east lies The Fens, a marsh area. To the south, an elevated plateau slopes upward. Scotland The terrain of Scotland is mountainous but is divided into three regions, from north to south: the Highlands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. The Highlands occupy more than a half of Scotland, the most rugged region on the island of Great Britain. Wales Wales has an irregular coastline and many bays; the biggest is Cardigan Bay. Except for narrow and low coastal areas, mainly in the south and west, Wales is mostly mountainous. Area England  ­ 130,439km2 Scotland  ­ 78,772km2 Wales  ­ 20,768km2 Total  ­ 229,979km2 Climate Great Britain has quite cool summers and mild winters. The weather changes from day to day. The climate is temperate  ­ the country does not have long periods when it is hot or cold.

The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Two

Elena was surrounded the instant she stepped into the high school parking lot. Everyone was there, the whole crowd she hadn't seen since late June, plus four or five hangers-on who hoped to gain popularity by association. One by one she accepted the welcoming hugs of her own group. Caroline had grown at least an inch and was slinkier and more like aVogue model than ever. She greeted Elena coolly and stepped back again with her green eyes narrowed like a cat's. Bonnie hadn't grown at all, and her curly red head barely came up to Elena's chin as she flung her arms around Elena. Wait a minute-curls? thought Elena. She pushed the smaller girl back. â€Å"Bonnie! What did you do to your hair?† â€Å"Do you like it? I think it makes me look taller.† Bonnie fluffed up the already fluffy bangs and smiled, her brown eyes sparkling with excitement, her little heart-shaped face alight. Elena moved on. â€Å"Meredith. You haven't changed at all.† This hug was equally warm on both sides. She had missed Meredith more than anyone, Elena thought, looking at the tall girl. Meredith never wore any makeup; but then, with perfect olive skin and heavy black lashes, she didn't need any. Right now she had one elegant eyebrow raised as she studied Elena. â€Å"Well, your hair is two shades lighter from the sun†¦ But where's your tan? I thought you were living it up on the French Riviera.† â€Å"You know I never tan.† Elena held up her hands for her own inspection. The skin was flawless, like porcelain, but almost as fair and translucent as Bonnie's. â€Å"Just a minute; that reminds me,† Bonnie interjected, snatching one of Elena's hands. â€Å"Guess what I learned from my cousin this summer?† Before anyone could speak, she informed them triumphantly: â€Å"Palm reading!† There were groans, and some laughter. â€Å"Laugh while you can,† said Bonnie, not at all disturbed. â€Å"My cousin told me I'm psychic. Now, let me see†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She peered into Elena's palm. â€Å"Hurry up or we're going to be late,† said Elena a bit impatiently. â€Å"All right, all right. Now, this is your life line-or is it your heart line?† In the crowd, someone snickered. â€Å"Quiet; I'm reaching into the void. I see†¦ I see†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All at once, Bonnie's face went blank, as if she were startled. Her brown eyes widened, but she no longer seemed to be staring at Elena's hand. It was as if she were lookingthrough it-at something frightening. â€Å"You will meet a tall, dark stranger,† Meredith murmured from behind her. There was a flurry of giggles. â€Å"Dark, yes, and a stranger†¦ but not tall.† Bonnie's voice was hushed and faraway. â€Å"Although,† she continued after a moment, looking puzzled, â€Å"he was tall, once.† Her wide brown eyes lifted to Elena's in bewilderment. â€Å"But that's impossible†¦ isn't it?† She dropped Elena's hand, almost flinging it away. â€Å"I don't want to see any more.† â€Å"Okay, show's over. Let's go,† Elena told the others, vaguely irritated. She'd always felt psychic tricks were just that-tricks. So why was she annoyed? Just because that morning she'd almost freaked out herself†¦ The girls started toward the school building, but the roar of a finely tuned motor stopped them all in their tracks. â€Å"Well, now,† Caroline said, staring. â€Å"Quite a car.† â€Å"Quite a Porsche,† Meredith corrected dryly. The sleek black 911 Turbo purred through the parking lot, searching for a space, moving as lazily as a panther stalking prey. When the car came to a stop, the door opened, and they glimpsed the driver. â€Å"Oh, my God,† Caroline whispered. â€Å"You can say that again,† breathed Bonnie. From where she stood, Elena could see he had a lean, flat-muscled body. Faded jeans he probably had to peel off at night, tight T-shirt, and a leather jacket of unusual cut. His hair was wavy-and dark. He wasn't tall, though. Just average height. Elena let out her breath. â€Å"Whois that masked man?† said Meredith. And the remark was apt-dark sunglasses completely covered the boy's eyes, shielding his face like a mask. â€Å"That maskedstranger ,† someone else said, and a babble of voices rose up. â€Å"Do you see that jacket? That's Italian, as in Roma.† â€Å"How would you know? You've never been farther than Rome, New York, in your life!† â€Å"Uh-oh. Elena's got that look again. The hunting look.† â€Å"Short-Dark-and-Handsome had better be careful.† â€Å"He isn't short; he's perfect!† Through the chatter, Caroline's voice suddenly rang out. â€Å"Oh, come on, Elena. You've already got Matt. What more do you want? What can you do with two that you can't do with one?† â€Å"The same thing-only longer,† drawled Meredith, and the group dissolved into laughter. The boy had locked his car and was walking toward school. Casually, Elena started after him, the other girls right behind her in a close-knit pack. For an instant, annoyance bubbled up inside her. Couldn't she goanywhere without a parade on her heels? But Meredith caught her eye, and she smiled in spite of herself. â€Å"Noblesse oblige,† Meredith said softly. â€Å"What?† â€Å"If you're going to be queen of the school, you have to put up with the consequences.† Elena frowned at this as they entered the building. A long corridor stretched before them, and a figure in jeans and leather jacket was disappearing through the office doorway up ahead. Elena slowed her pace as she walked up to the office, finally stopping to glance thoughtfully at the messages on the cork bulletin board by the door. There was a large window here, through which the entire office was visible. The other girls were openly gazing through the window, and giggling. â€Å"Nice rear view.† â€Å"That isdefinitely an Armani jacket.† â€Å"You think he's from out of state?† Elena was straining her ears for the boy's name. There seemed to be some kind of trouble in there: Mrs. Clarke, the admissions secretary, was looking at a list and shaking her head. The boy said something, and Mrs. Clarke lifted her hands in a â€Å"What can I say?† gesture. She ran a finger down the list and shook her head again, conclusively. The boy started to turn away, then turned back. And when Mrs. Clarke looked up at him, her expression changed. The boy's sunglasses were now in his hand. Mrs. Clarke seemed startled by something; Elena could see her blink several times. Her lips opened and closed as if she were trying to speak. Elena wished she could see more than the back of the boy's head. Mrs. Clarke was fumbling through piles of paper now, looking dazed. At last she found a form of some kind and wrote on it, then turned it around and pushed it toward the boy. The boy wrote briefly on the form-signing it, probably-and returned it. Mrs. Clarke stared at it a second, then fumbled through a new pile of papers, finally handing what looked like a class schedule to him. Her eyes never left the boy as he took it, inclined his head in thanks, and turned to the door. Elena was wild with curiosity by now. What had just happened in there? And what did this stranger's face look like? But as he emerged from the office, he was settling his sunglasses in place again. Disappointment coursed through her. Still, she could see the rest of his face as he paused in the doorway. The dark curly hair framed features so fine that they might have been taken from an old Roman coin or medallion. High cheekbones, classical straight nose†¦ and a mouth to keep you awake at night, Elena thought. The upper lip was beautifully sculpted, a little sensitive, a whole lot sensual. The chatter of the girls in the hallway had stopped as if someone had thrown a switch. Most of them were turning away from the boy now, looking anywhere but at him. Elena held her place by the window and gave a little toss to her head, pulling the ribbon out of her hair so that it fell loose around her shoulders. Without looking to either side, the boy moved on down the hallway. A chorus of sighs and whispers flared up the moment he was out of earshot. Elena didn't hear any of it. He'd walked right by her, she thought, dazed. Right by without a glance. Dimly, she realized the bell was ringing. Meredith was tugging her arm. â€Å"What?† â€Å"I said here's your schedule. We've got trig on the second floor right now. Come on!† Elena allowed Meredith to propel her down the corridor, up a flight of stairs, and into a classroom. She slid into an empty seat automatically and fixed her eyes on the teacher at the front without really seeing her. The shock still hadn't worn off. He'd walked right by. Without a glance. She couldn't remember how long it had been since a boy had done that. They all looked, at least. Some whistled. Some stopped to talk. Some just stared. And that had always been fine with Elena. After all, what was more important than boys? They were the mark of how popular you were, of how beautiful you were. And they could be useful for all sorts of things. Sometimes they were exciting, but usually that didn't last long. Sometimes they were creeps from the beginning. Most boys, Elena reflected, were like puppies. Adorable in their place, but expendable. A very few could be more than that, could become real friends. Like Matt. Oh, Matt. Last year she'd hoped that he was the one she was looking for, the boy who could make her feel†¦ well, something more. More than the rush of triumph at making a conquest, the pride in showing your new acquisition off to the other girls. And shehad come to feel a strong affection for Matt. But over the summer, when she'd had time to think, she'd realized it was the affection of a cousin or sister. Ms. Halpern was passing out trigonometry books. Elena took hers mechanically and wrote her name inside, still wrapped in thought. She liked Matt more than any other boy she'd known. And that was why she was going to have to tell him it was over. She hadn't known how to tell him in a letter. She didn't know how to tell him now. It wasn't that she was afraid he'd kick up a fuss; he just wouldn't understand. She didn't really understand herself. It was as if she were always reaching for†¦ something. Only, when she thought she'd got it, it wasn't there. Not with Matt, not with any of the boys she'd had. And then she had to start all over again. Fortunately, there was always fresh material. No boy had ever resisted her successfully, and no boy had ever ignored her. Until now. Until now. Remembering that moment in the hall, Elena found that her fingers were clenched on the pen she held. She still couldn't believe he'd brushed by her that way. The bell rang and everyone flooded out of the classroom, but Elena paused in the doorway. She bit her lip, scanning the river of students flowing through the hall. Then she spotted one of the hangers-on from the parking lot. â€Å"Frances! Come here.† Frances came eagerly, her plain face brightening. â€Å"Listen, Frances, you remember that boy this morning?† â€Å"With the Porsche and the-er-assets? How could I forget?† â€Å"Well, I want his class schedule. Get it from the office if you can, or copy it from him if you have to. But do it!† Frances looked surprised for a moment, then grinned and nodded. â€Å"Okay, Elena. I'll try. I'll meet you at lunch if I can get it.† â€Å"Thanks.† Elena watched the girl go. â€Å"You know, you really are crazy,† Meredith's voice said in her ear. â€Å"What's the use of being queen of the school if you can't pull a little rank sometimes?† returned Elena calmly. â€Å"Where do I go now?† â€Å"General Business. Here, take it yourself.† Meredith thrust a schedule at her. â€Å"I've got to run for chemistry. Later!† General Business and the rest of the morning passed in a blur. Elena had hoped to catch another glimpse of the new student, but he was in none of her classes. Mattwas in one, and she felt a pang as his blue eyes met hers with a smile. At the lunch bell, she nodded greetings right and left as she walked to the cafeteria. Caroline was outside, posed casually against a wall with chin up, shoulders back, hips forward. The two boys she was talking to fell silent and nudged each other as Elena approached. â€Å"Hi,† Elena said briefly to the boys; and to Caroline: â€Å"Ready to go in and eat?† Caroline's green eyes barely flickered toward Elena, and she pushed glossy auburn hair out of her face. â€Å"What, at theroyal table ?† she said. Elena was taken aback. She and Caroline had been friends since kindergarten, and they had always competed with each other good-naturedly. But lately something had happened to Caroline. She'd begun to take the rivalry more and more seriously. And now Elena was surprised at the bitterness in the other girl's voice. â€Å"Well, it's hardly as if you were a commoner,† she said lightly. â€Å"Oh, you're so right about that,† said Caroline, turning to face Elena fully. Those green cat-eyes were slitted and smoky, and Elena was shocked by the hostility she saw there. The two boys smiled uneasily and edged away. Caroline didn't seem to notice. â€Å"A lot of things changed while you were gone this summer, Elena,† she continued. â€Å"And just maybe your time on the throne is running out.† Elena had flushed; she could feel it. She struggled to keep her voice steady. â€Å"Maybe,† she said. â€Å"But I wouldn't buy a scepter just yet if I were you, Caroline.† She turned and went into the lunchroom. It was a relief to see Meredith and Bonnie, and Frances beside them. Elena felt her cheeks cool as she selected her lunch and went to join them. She wouldn't let Caroline upset her; she wouldn't think of Caroline at all. â€Å"I got it,† said Frances, waving a piece of paper as Elena sat down. â€Å"And I have some good stuff,† said Bonnie importantly. â€Å"Elena, listen to this. He's in my biology class, and I sit right across from him. And his name is Stefan, Stefan Salvatore, and he's from Italy, and he's boarding with old Mrs. Flowers on the edge of town.† She sighed. â€Å"He isso romantic. Caroline dropped her books, and he picked them up for her.† Elena made a wry face. â€Å"How clumsy of Caroline. What else happened?† â€Å"Well, that's all. He didn't really talk to her. He's ver-r-ry mysterious, you see. Mrs. Endicott, my biology teacher, tried to get him to take off his glasses, but he wouldn't. He has a medical condition.† â€Å"What kind of medical condition?† â€Å"I don't know. Maybe it's terminal and his days are numbered. Wouldn't that be romantic?† â€Å"Oh, very,† said Meredith. Elena was looking over Frances's sheet of paper, biting her lip. â€Å"He's in my seventh period, History of Europe. â€Å"Anybody else have that class?† â€Å"I do,† said Bonnie. â€Å"And I think Caroline does, too. Oh, and maybe Matt; he said something yesterday about how it was just his luck, getting Mr. Tanner.† Marvelous, Elena thought, picking up a fork and stabbing at her mashed potatoes. It looked as if seventh period was going to beextremely interesting. Stefan was glad the school day was almost over. He wanted to get out of these crowded rooms and corridors, just for a few minutes. So many minds. The pressure of so many thought patterns, so many mental voices surrounding him, was making him dizzy. It had been years since he had been in a swarm of people like this. One mind in particular stood out from the others. She had been among those watching him in the main corridor of the school building. He didn't know what she looked like, but her personality was powerful. He felt sure he'd recognize it again. So far, at least, he'd survived the first day of the masquerade. He'd used the Powers only twice, and then sparingly. But he was tired, and, he admitted ruefully, hungry. The rabbit hadn't been enough. Worry about that later. He found his last classroom and sat down. And immediately he felt the presence of that mind again. It glowed at the edge of his consciousness, a golden light, soft and yet vibrant. And, for the first time, he could locate the girl it was coming from. She was seated right in front of him. Even as he thought it, she turned around and he saw her face. It was all he could do not to gasp in shock. Katherine! But of course it couldn't be. Katherine was dead; no one knew that better than he did. Still, the resemblance was uncanny. That pale golden hair, so fair it almost seemed to shimmer. That creamy skin, which had always made him think of swans, or alabaster, flushing faintly pink over the cheekbones. And the eyes†¦ Katherine's eyes had been a color he had never seen before; darker than sky blue, as rich as the lapis lazuli in her jeweled headband. This girl had those same eyes. And they were fixed directly on his as she smiled. He looked down from the smile quickly. Of all things, he did not want to think about Katherine. He didn't want to look at this girl who reminded him of her, and he didn't want to feel her presence any longer. He kept his eyes on the desk, blocking his mind as strongly as he knew how. And at last, slowly, she turned around again. She was hurt. Even through the blocks, he could feel that. He didn't care. In fact, he was glad of it, and he hoped it would keep her away from him. Other than that, he had no feelings about her at all. He kept telling himself this as he sat, the droning voice of the teacher pouring over him unheard. But he could smell a subtle hint of some perfume-violets, he thought. And her slender white neck was bowed over her book, the fair hair falling on either side of it. In anger and frustration he recognized the seductive feeling in his teeth-more a tickling or a tingling than an ache. It was hunger, a specific hunger. And not one he was about to indulge. The teacher was pacing about the room like a ferret, asking questions, and Stefan deliberately fixed his attention on the man. At first he was puzzled, for although none of the students knew the answers, the questions kept coming. Then he realized that that was the man's purpose. To shame the students with what they didn't know. Just now he'd found another victim, a small girl with clusters of red curls and a heart-shaped face. Stefan watched in distaste as the teacher badgered her with questions. She looked wretched as he turned away from her to address the entire class. â€Å"You see what I mean? You think you're pretty hot stuff; you're seniors now, ready to graduate. Well, let me tell you, some of you aren't ready to graduate kindergarten. Like this!† He gestured toward the red-haired girl. â€Å"No idea about the French Revolution. Thinks Marie Antoinette was a silent film star.† Students all around Stefan were shifting uncomfortably. He could feel the resentment in their minds, and the humiliation. And the fear. They were all afraid of this thin little man with eyes like a weasel, even the husky boys who were taller than he was. â€Å"All right, let's try another era.† The teacher swung back to the same girl he'd been questioning. â€Å"During the Renaissance-† He broke off. â€Å"Youdo know what the Renaissance is, don't you? The period between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, in which Europe rediscovered the great ideas of ancient Greece and Rome? The period that produced so many of Europe's greatest artists and thinkers?† When the girl nodded confusedly, he continued. â€Å"During the Renaissance, what would students your age be doing at school? Well? Any idea at all? Any guesses?† The girl swallowed hard. With a weak smile she said, â€Å"Playing football?† At the ensuing laughter, the teacher's face darkened. â€Å"Hardly!† he snapped, and the classroom quieted. â€Å"You think this is a joke? Well, in those days, students your age would already be proficient in several languages. They would also have mastered logic, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and grammar. They would be ready to go on to a university, in which every course was taught in Latin. Football would be absolutely the last thing on-† â€Å"Excuse me.† The quiet voice stopped the teacher in midharangue. Everyone turned to stare at Stefan. â€Å"What? What did you say?† â€Å"I said, excuse me,† Stefan repeated, removing his glasses and standing up. â€Å"But you're wrong. Students in the Renaissance were encouraged to participate in games. They were taught that a healthy body goes with a healthy mind. And they certainly played team sports, like cricket, tennis-and even football.† He turned to the red-haired girl and smiled, and she smiled back gratefully. To the teacher, he added, â€Å"But the most important things they learned were good manners and courtesy. I'm sure your book will tell you that.† Students were grinning. The teacher's face was red with blood, and he was sputtering. But Stefan continued to hold his eyes, and after another minute it was the teacher who looked away. The bell rang. Stefan put his glasses on quickly and gathered his books. He'd already drawn more attention to himself than he should, and he didn't want to have to look at the blond girl again. Besides, he needed to get out of here quickly; there was a familiar burning sensation in his veins. As he reached the door, someone shouted, â€Å"Hey! Did they really play football back then?† He couldn't help throwing a grin over his shoulder. â€Å"Oh, yes. Sometimes with the severed heads of prisoners of war.† Elena watched him as he went. He'd deliberately turned away from her. He'd snubbed her on purpose, and in front of Caroline, who'd been watching like a hawk. Tears burned in her eyes, but at that moment only one thought burned in her mind. She'd have him, even if it killed her. If it killed both of them, she'd have him.

Life as we know it essays

Life as we know it essays Gordon Parks was born in Fort Scott, Kansas in 1912, the youngest of sixteen children. Before making it as a successful photographer he went through many tough times. As his mother told him before her death. Make a man of yourself up there. Put something in to it, and youll get something out of it (Gibney). The weapons Parks used to get through life were poetry, music, and photography. Those were the weapons I used to fight racism, bigotry, and poverty in America. My advice to young people, especially Black people, is to not let the enemy use you (Gibney). As an aspiring artist he supported himself by working as a piano player, busboy, basketball player and Civilian Conservation Corpsman. He attended St. Paul Central High School working towards a diploma he never received. It was being a bus boy at the Lowry Hotel that exposed him to powerful people and new ideas. The Lowry Hotel was where influential band leaders of the time heard Parks compositions, and later performed them for lon ger audiences. At the age of twenty-five, he began to seriously consider a career in the direction of photography. Gordon Parks often created works of art centered around real life things due to how he grew up and what he was raised around, he wanted to express his life through his work. Inexperienced but ambitious, Parks first big break in professional photography came when he convinced Frank Murphys wifes clothing store in Saint Paul, Minnesota to let him try his hand at fashion photographs. In 1941, he became the first photographer to receive a fellowship from the Julius Rosenwald Foundation. While Parks was working as a waiter on the Northern Pacific Railroad, he ran into a magazine and was introduced to photographers such as Ben Shahn, Jack Delano, Carl Mydans, Dorothea Lange, John Vachon, and Walker Evans. They were photographing poverty, and I knew poverty so well, Parks recalls (...

Elisha Grays Telephone Invention Patent Caveat

Elisha Grays Telephone Invention Patent Caveat Elisha Gray was an American inventor who contested the invention of the telephone with Alexander Graham Bell. Elisha Gray invented a version of the telephone in his laboratory in Highland Park, Illinois. Background - Elisha Gray 1835-1901 Elisha Gray was a Quaker from rural Ohio who grew up on a farm. He studied electricity at Oberlin College. In 1867, Gray received his first patent for an improved telegraph relay. During his lifetime, Elisha Gray was granted over seventy patents for his inventions, including many important innovations in electricity. In 1872, Gray founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company, the great-grandparent of todays Lucent Technologies. Patent Wars - Elisha Gray Vs Alexander Graham Bell On February 14, 1876, Alexander Graham Bells telephone patent application entitled Improvement in Telegraphy was filed at the USPTO by Bells attorney Marcellus Bailey.  Elisha Grays attorney filed a caveat for a telephone just a few hours later entitled Transmitting Vocal Sounds Telegraphically. Alexander Graham Bell was the fifth entry of that day, while Elisha Gray was 39th. Therefore, the U.S. Patent Office awarded Bell with the first patent for a telephone, US Patent 174,465 rather than honor Grays caveat. On September 12, 1878  lengthy patent litigation involving the Bell Telephone Company against Western Union Telegraph Company and Elisha Gray began. What Is a Patent Caveat? A patent caveat was a type of preliminary application for a patent that gave an inventor an additional 90 days grace to file a regular patent application. The caveat would prevent anyone else that filed an application on the same or similar invention from having their application processed for 90 days while the caveat holder was given an opportunity to file a full patent application first. Caveats are no longer issued. Elisha Grays Patent Caveat Filed on February 14, 1876 To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, Elisha Gray, of Chicago, in the County of Cook, and  State of Illinois, have invented a new art of transmitting vocal sounds telegraphically, of which the following is a specification. It is the object of my invention to transmit the tones of the human voice through a telegraphic circuit and reproduce them at the receiving end of the  line so that actual conversations can be carried on by persons at long distances apart. I have invented and patented methods of transmitting musical impressions or sounds  telegraphically, and my present invention is based  on  a modification of the principle of said invention, which is set forth and described in letters patent of the  United  States, granted to me July 27th, 1875, respectively numbered 166,095, and 166,096, and also in an application for letters patent of the United States, filed by me, February 23d, 1875. To attain the objects of my invention, I devised an instrument capable of vibrating responsively to all tones of the human voice, and by which they are rendered audible. In the accompanying  drawings  I have shown an apparatus embodying my improvements in the best way now known to me, but I contemplate various other applications, and also changes in the details of construction of the apparatus, some of which would  obviously suggest themselves to a skillful electrician, or a person in the science of acoustics, in seeing this application. Figure 1 represents a vertical central section through the transmitting instrument; Figure 2, a similar section through the receiver; and Figure 3, a diagram representing the whole apparatus.   My present belief is, that the most effective method of providing an apparatus capable of responding to the various tones of the human voice, is a tympanum, drum or diaphragm, stretched across one end of the chamber, carrying an apparatus for producing fluctuations in the potential of the electric current, and consequently varying in its power. In the drawings, the person transmitting sounds is shown as talking into a box, or chamber, A, across the outer end of which is stretched a diaphragm, a, of some thin substance, such as parchment or gold-beaters skin, capable of responding to all the vibrations of the human voice, whether simple or complex. Attached to this diaphragm is a light metal rod, A, or other suitable conductor of electricity, which extends into a vessel B, made of glass or other insulating material, having its lower end  closed by a plug, which may be of metal, or through which passes a conductor b, forming part of the circuit. This vessel is filled with some liquid possessing high resistance, such, for instance, as water, so that the vibrations of the plunger or rod A, which does not quite touch the conductor b, will cause variations in resistance, and, consequently, in the potential of the current passing through the rod A. Owing to this construction, the resistance varies constantly in response to the vibrations of the diaphragm, which, although irregular, not only in their amplitude, but in rapidity, are nevertheless transmitted, and can, consequently, be transmitted through a single rod, which could not be done with a positive make and break of the circuit employed, or where contact points are used. I contemplate, however, the use of a series of  diaphragm  in a common vocalizing chamber, each diaphragm carrying and independent  rod, and responding to a vibration of different rapidity and intensity, in which case contact points mounted on other diaphragms may be employed. The vibrations thus imparted are transmitted through an electric circuit to the receiving station, in which circuit is included an  electromagnet  of ordinary construction, acting upon a diaphragm to which is attached a piece of soft iron, and which  diaphragm  is stretched across a receiving vocalizing chamber c, somewhat similar to the corresponding vocalizing chamber A. The diaphragm at the receiving end of the line is this thrown into vibration corresponding with those at the transmitting end, and audible sounds or words are produced. The obvious practical application of my improvement will be to enable persons at a distance to converse with each other through a telegraphic circuit, just as they do now in each others presence, or through a speaking tube. I claim as my invention the art of transmitting vocal sounds or conversations telegraphically through an electric circuit. Elisha Gray WitnessesWilliam J. PeytonWm D. Baldwin

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